Know about Intellectual Disability

  TYPES OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Intellectual disability , also known as intellectual developmental disorder (IDD), is a condition characterized by limitations in cognitive functioning and adaptive skills. The severity of intellectual disability can vary widely, and individuals with intellectual disabilities may require varying degrees of support in their daily lives. Here are some types of intellectual disabilities: Mild Intellectual Disability: Individuals with mild intellectual disability typically have an IQ range of 50-70. They may experience delays in childhood development, particularly in areas such as language and motor skills. During school years, they often benefit from specialized support and interventions. With appropriate assistance and accommodations, individuals with mild intellectual disability can achieve a degree of independence and often function well in a supportive environment. Moderate Intellectual Disability: Moderate intellectual disability is character...

  IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON WITH INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Identifying a person with intellectual disability typically involves a comprehensive assessment that considers various factors and domains of functioning. Here are some key steps and considerations in the identification process: 1.) Developmental History: Gather information about the person's developmental milestones, including early childhood, school years, and current abilities. Assess whether there were any delays or difficulties in reaching developmental milestones, such as language acquisition, motor skills, or social interactions. 2.) Intellectual Functioning Assessment: Conduct standardized intellectual assessments, such as intelligence quotient (IQ) tests, administered by trained professionals. These assessments measure cognitive abilities, including reasoning, problem-solving, memory, and academic skills. A significant limitation in intellectual functioning, typically indicated by an IQ score below a specific thresh...

                DEFINITIONS OF INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY 1.   American Association on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities (AAIDD): Intellectual disability refers to a disability characterized by substantial limitations in both intellectual functioning and adaptive behavior. These limitations are evident in conceptual, social, and practical adaptive skills, which include areas such as problem-solving, communication, self-care, and social interaction. Crucially, intellectual disability manifests before the age of 18, indicating that the impairment originates during the developmental period. This definition highlights the comprehensive nature of the disability and underscores the importance of early identification and support for individuals affected by intellectual disability. 2. American Psychiatric Association (APA): American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5), intellectual disabilit...

  History of Intellectual Disability in India The history of intellectual disability in India is deeply intertwined with the diverse cultural, religious,  and social fabric of the country. Throughout the centuries, individuals with intellectual disability have encountered a range of experiences, including acceptance, neglect, discrimination, and evolving approaches to care and inclusion. Ancient and Medieval Period: In ancient India, there were instances of compassionate care and acceptance of individuals with disabilities, including intellectual disability. Ancient texts, such as the Vedas and the Dharma shastras, emphasized the importance of empathy, compassion, and inclusivity towards all members of society, including those with disabilities. Some kings and noble families even established institutions for the care of individuals with disabilities.  However, societal attitudes were not uniform, and the experience of individuals with intellectual disability varied depe...

 INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY Introduction: Intellectual disability, previously known as Mental Retardation , is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by significant limitations either in intellectual functioning (reasoning, problem solving) and adaptive behavior which covers as many social and practical skills. It is a lifelong condition that affects individuals from childhood and persists throughout their lives. People with intellectual disability may experience challenges in various areas, including learning, problem-solving, communication, and social skills.  Intellectual disability is not a disease or a mental illness ; it is a diverse group of conditions that result from different factors affecting brain development. These factors can be genetic , such as Down syndrome or fragile X syndrome , or they can result from prenatal or postnatal environmental factors , such as exposure to toxins or certain infections. The severity of intellectual disability can vary widely,...